Knowing how to prevent pregnancy can seem daunting, especially since there are so many birth control options to choose from. The birth control you use is a personal choice that should be carefully considered. Educating yourself on the various methods is the first step to finding the one that fits with your lifestyle and beliefs.
Condoms.
Latex condoms are worn on the penis during intercourse. They prevent pregnancy by keeping semen from coming into contact with fertile eggs. Condoms are often given out for free at health clinics, and they’re available for over-the-counter purchase for about $1.00 a piece at drug stores and grocery stores.
An added benefit of condoms is that they protect both parties from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as well as pregnancy.
Condoms are made from thin latex, so they occasionally tear during intercourse. When this happens, the chances of pregnancy go up.[1]
Some people have allergies to latex condoms, and choose condoms made of plastic instead.
Female condoms.
Also made of latex, female condoms are shaped like a ring with a pouch. The pouch fits inside the vagina, while the ring stays outside the body to hold it in place. They collect semen during intercourse so it never has a chance to enter the woman’s body. Female condoms cost about $4.00 a piece and are available at drugstores.
Female condoms reduce the risk of STDs by protecting the vagina from directly getting touched.
Female condoms are slightly less effective than regular condoms, and some people say that they are less comfortable to use.[2]
Diaphragms.
These shallow cups made of silicone are inserted inside the vagina and over the cervix to prevent semen from contacting an egg. They are commonly used in combination with spermicidal jelly, which prevents sperm from moving, in order to increase efficacy.
Since every woman’s body is a slightly different shape, diaphragms must be fitted to make sure they’re the right size. Talk to your gynecologist or health clinic worker about getting fitting for a diaphragm.
Diaphragms are quite effective, but they don’t prevent the transmission of STDs.[3]
Birth control pills.
Birth control pills, often referred to in shorthand as “the Pill,” consist of synthetic estrogen and progestin hormones that keep a woman’s eggs from leaving her ovaries, so that pregnancy can’t happen.[4] When taken properly, they are extremely effective. Contraceptive pills are available on a prescription-only basis from your gynecologist or health care provider.
The Pill must be taken every day, at the same time each day, to work properly. Skipping a few days could decrease its efficacy.
The Pill causes some women to experience side effects. Different brands of pills have different levels of estrogen and progestin, so your doctor may prescribe a different brand if one seems to be causing negative side effects.[5]
Abstinence.
Abstaining from vaginal intercourse prevents pregnancy by preventing the man’s semen from coming into contact with the woman’s egg. Abstinence is one hundred percent effective in preventing pregnancy when it is used continuously.
Some people define abstinence as abstaining from all sexual contact, but in order to prevent pregnancy, only vaginal intercourse needs to be avoided.
Abstinence requires strong willpower, and some people might find it difficult to rely on this birth control method for long periods of time.
It’s important to have another birth control method in place once abstinence is ended.
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